The As of Persian names

This year, out of solidarity with the brave people of Iran, my A to Z theme will be Persian names. Because of the country’s long history with Islam, many Persian names are also Arab, or are Persified from Arabic. However, I’ll try my best to stick with uniquely Persian names, of which there are plenty. After the 7th century Islamic conquest, the Persians successfully resisted all attempts at Arabization, and kept their native language, culture, and names. Even after most people were converted to Islam, they didn’t discard names from their original national religion of Zoroastrianism.

Because the Persian alphabet lacks a W and X, those days will be wildcards with names from other languages whose peoples have a historic link with Iran. Persian names starting with KH can be transliterated with an X, but since they’re only found within the Azeri community of Iran (who have their own alphabet), not mainstream usage within the wider world of Persian onomastics, I’ve chosen to leave them out.

Some of these names have multiple transliterations, since there are several different styles of transliterating Persian. E.g., OU, OO, and U all represent the same sound. It all depends on what you’re most familiar with or find most aesthetically pleasing.

Feel free to let me know if I missed any names for any of the letters!

Female names:

Abid means “flame.”

Afrouz means “enlightening, illuminating, kindling.”

Afsana/Afsaneh means “myth, legend, fable.”

Afsoun/Afsoon/Afsun means “charm, spell.”

Ahu means “female deer.” In Turkish, this means “beautiful eyes.”

Alaleh means “buttercup.”

Alizeh means “wind.” This is completely unrelated to the Hebrew name Alizah, which means “joy.”

Anahita means “undefiled, immaculate” in Old Persian, from roots *an- (not) and *āhita (dirty, unclean). She was the Iranian goddess of water and fertility, and has historically been identified with the Greek goddess Artemis, the Semitic goddess Ishtar, and possibly the the Hindu goddess Saraswati. The Armenian forms are Anahit and Anahid.

Andesha means “thought.”

Andleeb means “nightingale.”

Arania means “spider.”

Arasta means “adorned, decorated.”

Arezou/Arezoo/Arezu/Arezo means “desire, wish.”

Arghavan is a flowering tree known in English as the Judas tree.

Asal means “honey.” This name is of Arabic origin.

Ava means “sound, voice.” This is a completely different name from the currently very trendy English name which is a variant of Eve.

Azada means “free.”

Azin means “beauty, adornment.”

Male names:

Aayaan means “long night.”

Aban means “October.” This was the name of the angel of October in Zoroastrianism.

Adish means “fire” or “of fire.” In Sanskrit, this means “supreme leader.”

Afshin is the modern form of the Old Persian name Pisinah, which is of unknown etymology. This was also used as a princely title for rulers of a region historically known as Turan, Sogdia, and Fara-rud in Persian, and Transoxiana in Latin, composed of parts of modern-day Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan.

Agit means “the brave, the warrior.”

Alborz comes from the name of the mountain range forming a border between Iran and Azerbaijan, which in turn derives from Hara Berezaiti (High Watchpost), a legendary mountain in the Zoroastrian holy book The Avesta.

Aras means “balanced, equal.” This is the name of a river flowing through Iran, Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Turkey.

Arman means “hope, wish.” This is also a Kazakh name.

Armish means “calm, quiet.”

Arshan means “hero.”

Arwan means “brave, courageous.” This name is Dari Persian, the form used in Afghanistan, as evidenced by the presence of the letter W.

Unisex names:

Afsar means “officer, official” or “crown.”

Akhtar means “star.” This is a rare name.

Anoush, or Anousheh, means “immortal.” This is a completely different name from the female Armenian name meaning “sweet.”

Ashraf means “nobler, more honourable.”

Azar means “fire.”

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All about Arthurian names, Part V (Female names, A–F)

The Lady of Shalott (1888), by John William Waterhouse

Acheflour, sometimes spelt Acheflow, is probably corrupted from the French name Blanchefleur/Blancheflour, which means “white flower.” In Sir Perceval of Galles, Acheflour is King Arthur’s sister.

Ailleann marries King Arthur in the Irish romance Céilidhe Iosgaide Léithe (The Visit of the Grey-Hammed Lady) when she takes him and the Knights of the Round Table to the underworld. She’s the daughter of fairy king Daire and granddaughter of the King of Iceland.

Alemandine may derive from the Old French word alemandine (a deep red gem), which is in turn corrupted from the Latin alabandicus (Alabandic stone). This was a type of carbuncle in the city of Alabanda in Asia Minor (now near the village of Doğanyurt in Turkey). Alabanda means “horse victory” in the extinct Carian language, from roots ala (horse) and banda (victory). The name may also be derived from the Medieval Occitan and Gascon Alamanda, which comes from Alemannia, the Latin word for Germany. Alemandine is a queen in the 13th century romance Floriant et Florete.

Alyne is a form of Aline, a Medieval nickname for Adeline, with the ultimate Ancient Germanic root adal (noble). She’s the daughter of King Pellinore.

Illustration of Enid in Idylls of the King (1913), by Eleanor Fortescue-Brickdale

Amena, or Amene, may derive from the German name Amoena/Amöna, which comes from the Latin root amoenus (pleasant, charming, delightful). It may also possibly come from the Arabic name Amina, which means “feel safe.” Amena is a queen helped by Gawain’s son Wigalois (Guinglain, Gliglois) in the German romance Wigalois.

Ampflise is the name of two characters in the German romance Parzival, including the Queen of France.

Antikonie is the Middle German form of the Greek name Antigone, which derives from roots anti (against, like, compared to) and gone (offspring, birth). She’s the sister of King Vergulaht of Ascalun and falls in love with Gawain, which makes Vergulaht so angry he attacks Gawain. Later, Antikonie marries King Dulcemar of Tandernas and becomes the mother of Tandareis, a Knight of the Round Table.

Arcade is the French form of the Greek name Arkadios (of Arcadia), which comes from the root arktos (bear). She’s a high-born maiden whom Pelleas falls in love with but whom she spurns. When Pelleas sends Gawain to try to woo her by proxy, Arcade falls in love with Gawain instead. Ultimately, Arcade marries Pelleas.

Artesia probably derives from Artois, a region in France which gave its name to artesian wells, and ultimately Atrebates, a Belgic tribe in Gaul and Britain during the time of Julius Caesar. In turn, the tribe’s name is a cognate of the Irish word aittrebaid (inhabitant). Artesia is the sister of Saxon leader Ostorius in the Elizabethan play The Birth of Merlin.

Howard Pyle Illustration for The Lady of Shalott (1881)

Beaflurs means “beautiful flower” in French. She’s a fairy in Parzival, and the mother of Queen Ampflise’s page Liahturteltart.

Belacane is the mother of Parzival’s halfbrother Feirefiz.

Bellicent is the Old French form of the Ancient Germanic name Belissendis, which probably derives from roots bili (decent, proper, suitable, fitting, amiable) and swind (brave, strong, powerful). She’s King Arthur’s halfsister and Gareth’s mother in the 13th century story Arthour and Merlin.

Brangaine probably derives from the Welsh name Branwen, which comes from Old Welsh roots bran (raven) and gwen (beautiful, white, fair) and means “beautiful raven.” She’s Isolde’s handmaiden.

Brisen may derive from Old Norse root brisinga (glowing, twinkling). She’s a witch.

The Uninvited Guest (1906), by Eleanor Fortescue-Brickdale

Clarissant is the daughter of King Lot and Queen Morgause and the mother of Guigenor. In one story, she’s Gawain’s sister.

Cundrie is the name of two characters in Parzival.

Dindrane probably derives from the Welsh name Danbrann, which in turn comes from Middle Welsh roots dawn (gift) or dwn (brown, dark), and bran (raven). She’s Perceval’s sister, and frequently called only the Grail Heroine.

Dioneta is the name of two characters in the fragmentary 14th century Welsh text The Birth of Arthur. One is King Arthur’s halfsister, and the other is Mordred’s sister and King Lot’s daughter.

The Lady of Shalott Reaches Camelot (before 1887), artist unknown

Eglatine is probably a Middle French version or misspelling of the English name Eglantine, which is the name of a flower also called sweetbrier. It comes from the Latin word aquilentum (prickly). Eglatine is the daughter of King Machen of the Lost Island, and raises her stepson Dodinel, a Knight of the Round Table, like her own child.

Elaine is an Old French form of Helen, which comes from the Greek Helene and probable root helene (“corposant” or “torch”). Some sources believe it may be related to selene (moon). Elaine is Galahad’s mother, Lancelot’s lover, and Pelles’s daughter.

Elyabel is an Old French form of Elizabeth, which comes from the Hebrew name Elisheva and means “my God is an oath.” She’s Tristan’s mother.

Elyzabel is a cousin of Queen Guinevere.

Enid, or Enide, probably comes from Welsh root enaid (soul, life, spirit). She first appeared as Erec’s wife in the 12th century, and later usually became Geraint’s wife.

Illustration of Enid in Idylls of the King (1913), by Eleanor Fortescue-Brickdale

Esclarmonde is probably a Middle Provençal form of the Old French name Claremonde, which may derive from the Latin root clarus (bright, clear) and Ancient Germanic mund (protector). Folk etymology attributes it to Old French esclair (light) and monde (world); thus, “light of the world.” Esclarmonde is a Muslim princess and lover of Sir Huon de Bordeaux.

Esmeree possibly derives from Old French root esmer (to respect, love, like). She’s a Queen of Wales who’s turned into a snake, then changed back by Guinglain.

Ettarre is probably a corruption or variant form of Arcade, since both characters are loved by Pelleas.

Evaine is Elaine’s sister, Sir Bors’s wife, and the mother of Sir Lionel and Sir Bors, Jr.

Florisdelfa probably derives from the Latin root flos (flower) and the Greek adelphe (sister). She’s an enchantress trained by Merlin in an Italian version of the Tristan and Isolde story, and so in love with Tristan she constantly sends him presents to try to win his heart.

All about Arthurian names, Part I (Male names, A-F)

King Arthur and his Knights of the Round Table, painted by Évrard d’Espinques ca. 1475

When I did a series on names invented for literature a few years ago, I deliberately left out name from Arthurian legends and stories because I wanted to do a separate series about them. Some of these names existed prior to their use in Arthurian stories, while others were created just for the stories.

FYI: These names come exclusively from classic Arthurian works, not modern films, TV shows, and games.

Accolon, sometimes spelt Accalon, is of unknown origin. He’s a Gaulish knight and a lover of Morgan le Fay.

Aeddan is the Welsh form of the Irish name Aodhán, which is a diminutive of aedh and means “little fire.” He’s an enemy of King Arthur.

Aelens is the King of Iceland and father of King Arthur’s follower Escol.

Agravain is a nephew of King Arthur.

Agrestes derives from the Latin word agrestis (rural, wild, rustic, brutish), which in turn comes from ager (farm, field). He’s an ancient King of Camelot.

Amaethon derives from the Brittonic name *Ambaχtonos (ploughman-god, Divine ploughman). He’s the Welsh god of agriculture and an Arthurian warrior in the late 11th century legend of Culhwch and Olwen.

Amr, or Amhar, is King Arthur’s son in the 9th century chronicle Historia Brittonum.

Andret is the nephew of King Mark of Cornwall and an enemy cousin of Tristan.

Anfortas probably comes from the Old French word enfertez or enfermetez (infirmity). This is the name of the wounded Fisher King in the 12th century Arthurian epic Parzifal.

Anguish is the King of Ireland and Iseult’s father.

Arthur may derive from the Celtic roots *artos (bear), and *wiros (man) or *rīxs (king). It may also come from the Roman family name Artorius. The jury is still out on whether King Arthur were a real person, based on a semi-legendary figure, or entirely fictional.

Bagdemagus is the King of Gorre and a Knight of the Round Table. Some scholars believe Bagungus, the name of a character who only appears in Laghamon’s 1190 epic poem Brut, is a corruption of Bagdemagus on account of its rarity.

Balin is one of King Arthur’s knights.

Bedivere comes from the Welsh name Bedwyr, which may derive from roots bedwen (birch) and gwr (man). He’s one of King Arthur’s original friends, and throws the sword Excalibur into a lake to fulfill King Arthur’s dying wishes.

Bellangere derives from the Ancient Germanic name Berengar, which in turn comes from roots bern (bear) and ger (spear). It may also have been inspired by French roots bel, beau (beautiful, great, fine) and anger (anger), and thus means “righteous anger.” He’s a Knight of the Round Table.

Bors comes from the French name Bohort and possibly the Old French root behort or bohort (“jousting lance” or “jousting”). He’s a Knight of the Round Table.

Brunor probably derives from the Ancient Germanic root brunna (armour, protection) or brun (brown). Several Arthurian characters bear this name, including Sir Galehaut’s father.

Cador is probably a Cornish form of the Welsh name Caderyn, which means “battle king” and derives from Old Welsh roots cat (battle) and tigirn (monarch, king). He’s Lady Guinevere’s guardian, King of Cornwall, and the father of King Arthur’s successor Constantine.

Calogrenant, sometimes spelt Colgrevance, is a Knight of the Round Table.

Caradog, or Caradoc, comes from Old Welsh name Caratauc and ultimately the Brythonic name *Caratācos, which derives from Old Celtic root *karu (to love) and means “loved.” He’s a Knight of the Round Table.

Claudas is an opponent of King Arthur.

Culhwch means “hiding place of the pig” in Welsh. He’s a cousin of King Arthur.

Dagonet possibly derives from the Old English word dæg (day). He’s a Knight of the Round Table, usually described as foolish and witless. Eventually he evolved into King Arthur’s belovèd court jester.

Dinadan may derive from Dinn Eidyn (Castle of Edin), the old name for the Scottish city of Edinburgh. He’s a Knight of the Round Table and a good friend of Tristan.

The Knights Of The Round Table Summoned To The Quest By A Strange Damsel (The Summons), by Edward Burne-Jones

Ector is King Arthur’s foster father and Sir Kay’s foster father.

Edern derives from Old Welsh root edyrn (heavy, immense; wonderful, prodigious, marvellous). Previously, it was wrongly believed to come from the Latin word aeternus (eternal). Edern is a Knight of the Round Table and one of King Arthur’s most important counsellors during a battle between Saxons and Danes.

Elyan probably ultimately derives from the Roman family name Aelius, which in turn may come from the Greek word helios (sun). He’s a Knight of the Round Table and the son of Sir Bors. In some stories, he’s also a cousin of Sir Lancelot.

Escanor may derive from the Old Irish name Escae, which in turn comes from Proto–Celtic Eskyom and ultimately Proto–Indo–European H,eysk, which means “to shine, to glitter” and is usually associated with the Moon. King Escanor the Large is an antagonist killed by King Arthur’s nephew Sir Gawaine.

Escol is a follower of King Arthur.

Evelake derives from Evalach, which is probably corrupted from the Middle Welsh name Afallach and the word afall (apple). It may also be a form of the Celtic name Abellio, which some scholars believe ultimately comes from Apollo and thus may be related to the Indo–European root *apelo- (strength). King Evelake of Sarras is the first person to possess the shield destined for Sir Galahad.

Feirefiz is the halfbrother of the title character in the abovementioned epic Parzifal.

Angelic names

Irish–British–American actress Angela Lansbury, 1925–2022

Names derived from the Greek word angelos (angel; messenger of God) historically have been much more common outside of the Anglophone world. Only in the 20th century did names like Angela, Angelica, and Angelina start becoming popular. On the male side, the name Angel (Ahn-hell) seems to be almost exclusively used on boys from Hispanic families, and Angelo is most frequently used on boys of Italian descent.

Angela is used in English, Italian, German, Dutch, Romanian, Greek, Slovenian, Slovakian, the Scandinavian languages, Estonian, Finnish, Luxembourgish, Flemish, Macedonian, and modern Russian. In all of those languages except English and Italian, it’s pronounced with a hard G. The variant form Angéla is Hungarian; Angèla is Occitan and Gascon; Ángela is Spanish; Àngela is Catalan; and Ângela is Portuguese.

St. Angela Merici of Italy, 1474–1540

Angela was #679 in the U.S. in 1880, the year popularity records began, and gradually rose to the Top 100. It entered that upper echelon in 1956, at #93, and continued climbing upwards very quickly. By 1963, it was already #30, and it was in the Top 10 from 1965–79, holding its highest rank of #5 from 1974–76. The name began a slow descent in popularity in 1980, interrupted a few times by a rise back upwards. In 2021, it was #234.

Angela is also popular in Mexico (#46), Spain (#60), and Italy (#87).

Self-portrait of Swiss artist Angelica Kaufman, 1741–1807

Other forms of the name include:

1. Angelica is Italian, Romanian, Gascon, Provençal, Scandinavian, Romansh, Flemish, Dutch, and German. The variant Angélica is Spanish and Portuguese, and Angèlica is Sicilian.

2. Angélique is French. Without an accent mark, this is also a Dutch name.

3. Anzhelika is the traditional Russian and Ukrainian form.

4. Anzhela is Russian, Ukrainian, Bulgarian, and Belarusian.

5. Angeliki is Greek.

6. Anxhela is Albanian. The sound XH is pronounced like the J in Jupiter.

7. Angyalka is Hungarian. The sound GY is pronounced kind of like the soft, barely perceptible DY sound in due, duel, and during.

8. Ànghela is Sardinian.

9. Anhelina is Ukrainian and Belarusian.

10. Angelina is English, Italian, Greek, Armenian, German, Dutch, Spanish, Portuguese, Serbian, Bulgarian, Latvian, Croatian, Scandinavian, Provençal, Slovenian, and Russian.

French midwife Angélique du Coudray, ca. 1712–1794

11. Anzhelina is Russian and Ukrainian.

12. Anđela is Serbian and Croatian. Nicknames include Anđa and Anđelka. The variant Anděla is Czech.

13. Aniela is Polish and Kashubian.

14. Angeline is French.

15. Angiola is an Italian variant.

16. Anželika is Latvian and Lithuanian.

17. Andżelika is a Polish variant.

18. Anchela is Aragonese.

19. ʻĀnela is Hawaiian.

20. Ainelag is a rare, modern Manx form.

Polish translator Aniela Zagórska, 1881–1943

21. Andżela is Kashubian.

22. Anelė is Lithuanian.

23. Aela is a modern Breton form.

24. Angele is Scandinavian.

25. Anghjula is Corsican.

26. Àngila is Sicilian.

27. Àngiula is also Sicilian.

28. Ansina is Chuukese, an Austronesian language spoken on the Chuuk islands of the Caroline Islands of Micronesia.

29. Ánxela is Gascon.

30. Ànzela is Sardinian. The variant Anžela is Estonian and Latvian.

American suffragist and mathematician Angeline Stickney (Chloe Angeline Stickney Hall), 1830–92

31. Añjela is a rare Breton form.

32. Aungèle is Norman.

33. Ancèlica is Sicilian.

34. Anchelica is Aragonese.

35. Angilica is Sicilian.

36. Anxélica is Gascon.

37. Anzhalika is Belarusian.

38. Ancilina is Sicilian.

39. Anđelina is Serbian and Croatian.

40. Aungélina is Norman.

American suffragist and abolitionist Angelina Grimké, 1805–79

41. Anghjulina is Corsican.

42. Angilín is Faroese.

43. Angilina is Sicilian.

44. Anxhelina is Albanian.

45. Anzelina is Sardinian.

46. Anxelina is a rare Gascon form.

Italian doctor, parasitologist, hygienist, and philanthropist Angelo Celli (1857–1914)

Male forms of the name include:

1. Ángel is Spanish, and quite popular in that language. The variant Àngel is Catalan, and Angèl is Lengadocian (an Occitan dialect). Without accent marks, this name is sometimes used in Bulgarian, Slovenian, and Macedonian.

2. Angelo is Italian. The variant Ângelo is Portuguese; Anĝelo is Esperanto; and Ángelo is Spanish.

3. Anghel is Romanian.

4. Angiolo is Italian.

5. Ànghelu is Sardinian.

6. Anđelko is Serbian and Croatian.

7. Anđelo is Croatian.

8. Aingeru is Basque.

9. Anxo is Galician.

10. Angelos is Greek.

Romanian historian, writer, and literary critic Anghel Demetriescu, 1847–1903

11. Ankelo is Albanian.

12. Angeoul is Gascon.

13. Angé is also Gascon.

14. Anxhelo is Albanian.

15. Angyal is Hungarian.

16. Ánxel is Asturian.

17. Ánxelu is also Asturian.

18. Àncilu is Sicilian.

19. Angelu is also Sicilian.

20. Àngilu is another Sicilian form.

Bosnian Franciscan friar Anđeo Zvizdović, who negotiated for religious freedom after the Ottoman conquest and occupation of Bosnia (ca. 1420–98)

21. Anđeo is a rare Bosnian and Croatian form.

22. Angiulu is Sicilian.

23. Anzolo is Venetian.

24. Ael is a modern Breton form.

25. Aggelos is modern Greek.

26. Agnul is Friulian.

27. Angelico is Italian and Filipino.

28. Ancilinu is Sicilian.

29. Ánchel is Aragonese.

30. Ancèlicu is Sicilian.

Italian Augustine monk, bibliophile, and scholar Angelico (né Ludovico) Aprosio, 1607–81

31. Ancilinu is Sicilian.

32. Anděl is Czech. The rare, variant form Anđel is Serbian and Croatian.

33. Angelas is Lithuanian.

34. Angèlicu is Sicilian.

35. Angelu is also Sicilian.

36. Angelusz is Hungarian.

37. Anġlu is Maltese.

38. Anzelinu is Sardinian.

39. Ànzelu is also Sardinian.

40. Anxelo is a rare Gascon form.

Unisex forms:

1. Angel is English, though predominantly feminine in that language.

2. Ange is French.

All about Adrian and Adriana

Legendary MGM costume designer Adrian Adolph Greenburg (1903–1959), known simply as Adrian

I absolutely adore the name Adrian, whether it’s pronounced with long As in the European and Latin American style, or the more common Anglo way AY-dree-yan. It derives from the equally-awesome Latin name Hadrian, which in turn derives from the Latin term Hadrianus, “from Hadria.” Hadria was a Northern Italian town from whence the Adriatic Sea derives its name.

Adrian is used in English, Polish, Russian, Romanian, German, and the Scandinavian languages. The alternate form Adrián is Hungarian, Spanish, Slovakian, Czech, Catalan, and Galician. Adrían is Icelandic.

Pope Adrian VI (1459–1523), painted circa 1625

Though the name has been used in the Anglophone world since the Middle Ages, and was borne by the only English Pope to date, it only became popular fairly recently. It was #403 in the U.S. in 1880, the first year name popularity records were kept, and remained fluctuating among the 300s, 400s, and 500s until 1959, when it began a slow and steady rise from #354 to a respectable high of #56 in 2008, 2010, and 2019. It’s gone up and down in rank since entering the Top 100 in 1985, at #93, but hasn’t been out of the Top 100 since 1989.

Adrian is also currently popular in Spain (#13), Sweden (#24), Galicia (#25), Croatia (#37), Norway (#40), Mexico (#41), Basque County, Spain (#43), Austria (#53), Catalonia (#56), Poland (#59), Canada (#70 in 2019), the Czech Republic (#78 in 2016), Hungary (#82), Switzerland (#92), and Slovenia (#96).

German artist Adrian Ludwig Richter (1803–1884), painted 1836 by Wilhelm von Kügelgen

Other forms of the name include:

1. Adriano is Portuguese and Italian.

2. Adrians is Latvian.

3. Adriaan is Dutch.

4. Adrien is French.

5. Adrijan is Macedonian and Croatian.

6. Adrianus is the more formal Dutch form, though almost no one in The Netherlands goes by a Latin form of their name in everyday life.

7. Arjan, also spelt Arian and Ariaan, is Dutch. This started as a short form of Adriaan, but has become very popular as a given name in its own right. Originally, Arian was the most popular spelling, but now Arjan has eclipsed it.

8. Jadran is Serbian, Slovenian, and Croatian.

9. Jadranko is also Serbian, Slovenian, and Croatian.

10. Adrià is Catalan.

Flemish composer Adriaan Willaert (circa 1490–1562)

11. Adrao is a rare Galician form.

12. Adriam is Brazilian–Portuguese.

13. Adrianas is Lithuanian.

14. Adrianos is Greek.

15. Adrianu is Corsican, Sicilian, and Sardinian.

16. Adrión is Kashubian.

17. Aidrian is Irish.

18. Atrianu is Sicilian.

19. Adriyan is Russian and Bulgarian.

20. Entěrian is Chuvash.

21. Adorján is Hungarian.

Italian composer Adriana Basile (circa 1580–1640), drawn by Nicolas Perrey

Adriana is probably the most common feminine form. It’s used in English, Spanish, Italian, Romanian, Portuguese, Dutch, Bulgarian, Czech, Slovakian, Polish, Galician, Albanian, Occitan, Ukrainian, Kashubian, Gascon, Provençal, Swedish, Dutch, and Armenian. The alternate form Adriána is Hungarian and Slovakian; Adriāna is Latvian; and Adríana is Icelandic.

The name enjoys popularity in Armenia (#18), Spain (#33), the Czech Republic (#37 in 2016), Galicia (#42), Catalonia (#68), Latvia (#77), Mexico (#82), and Portugal (#87 in 2018).

Other forms include:

1. Adrienne is French.

2. Adriene is Brazilian–Portuguese.

3. Adrianna is Polish.

4. Adrijana is Serbian, Slovenian, Macedonian, and Croatian.

5. Adrienn is Hungarian.

6. Hadriana is Latin.

7. Adriena is Slovakian.

8. Adriyana is Bulgarian and Russian.

9. Adriane is a rare German form.

10. Adirane is Basque.

French actor Adrienne Lecouvreur, 1692–1730

11. Adryyana is Belarusian.

12. Akaliana, or Akaliane, is Hawaiian.

13. Atriana is Sicilian.

14. Odriana is Medieval Flemish.